Medicinal mushroom: Trametes versicolor - Yunzhi - Turkey Tail - PSP - PSK

药用真菌:云芝(彩绒革盖菌)——火鸡尾菇——PSP/PSK

别名
彩绒革盖菌(学名:Trametes versicolor),又称变色云芝、火鸡尾菇(Turkey Tail)、瓦茸(日文Kawaratake)、云芝(中文“云芝”),其活性成分包括云芝多糖K(PSK)、云芝多糖肽(PSP)及彩绒革盖菌多糖(VPS)。

概述
云芝曾归类于Coriolus versicolorPolyporus versicolor属,是全球最常见的多孔菌之一。其拉丁名“versicolor”意为“多彩”,指菌盖表面如彩虹般的同心环纹;英文名“Turkey Tail”源于形似野生火鸡尾羽。在中医典籍中,云芝以“云芝”之名入药,沿用千年。

形态特征

  • 菌盖:革质厚实,呈扇形或半圆形,直径3-8厘米

  • 色泽:表面具锈褐、深褐与黑褐色交替环纹,偶附生绿藻

  • 菌孔:白色至浅黄色,每毫米3-5个

药用价值
云芝在亚洲传统医学中占据重要地位,尤以中日韩三国为甚。其提取物PSK、PSP及VPS作为免疫调节型多糖,近年成为癌症辅助治疗研究热点:

  • PSK(云芝多糖K):日本批准的抗癌辅助药物,可增强化疗疗效

  • PSP(云芝多糖肽):中国自主研发,用于改善放化疗患者免疫功能

  • VPS(彩绒革盖菌多糖):新型水溶性提取物,具广谱免疫活性

美国FDA将其认证为膳食补充剂,产品形式包括胶囊、茶剂及口服液。

使用方式与产品

  • 剂型:胶囊/提取物/茶包

  • 剂量:每日1-9克(据个体状况调整)

    剂量通常根据个人体质从1到9克不等。这些产品在草药店、健康食品店和在线市场均可轻松获得。在美国,PSP和VPS提取物尤其受到欢迎。

    参考资料

    • Coles, M., & Toth, B. (2005). Lack of prevention of large intestinal cancer by VPS, an extract of Coriolus versicolor mushroom. In Vivo, 19, 867–871.

    • Fisher, M., & Yang, L.X. (2002). Anticancer effects and mechanisms of polysaccharide-K (PSK): Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Anticancer Research, 22, 1737–1754.

    • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. (2008). About herbs: Coriolus versicolor. Retrieved from http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69194.cfm

    • Nakazato, H., Koike, A., Saji, S., Ogawa, N., & Sakamoto, J. (1994). Efficacy of immunochemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment after curative resection of gastric cancer. The Lancet, 343, 1122–1126.

    • Ng, T.B. (1998). A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae). General Pharmacology, 30, 1–4.

    • Torisu, M., Hayashi, Y., Ishimitsu, T., et al. (1990). Significant prolongation of disease-free period gained by oral polysaccharide K (PSK) administration after curative surgical operation of colorectal cancer. Cancer, 31, 261–268.

    • Toth, B., Coles, M., & Lynch, J. (2006). Effects of VPS extract of Coriolus versicolor on cancer of the large intestine using a serial sacrifice technique. In Vivo, 20, 341–346.

    • Tsang, K.W., Lam, C.L., Yan, C., Mak, J.C., Ooi, G.C., Ho, J.C., et al. (2003). Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide slows progression of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Respiratory Medicine, 97, 618–624.

    • University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. (2008). Coriolus versicolor: Detailed scientific review. Retrieved from www.mdanderson.org

    注意:以上资料仅供参考,无法涵盖所有可能的用途、作用、注意事项或副作用。不可作为医疗建议,应咨询您的医生以获取更准确的建议。